the office of a president

măgistĕrĭum, ii, n. [magister], the office of a president, chief, director, superintendent, etc. (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

dictaturā ac magisterio equitum honorata familia,

Suet. Tib. 3:

morum,

i. e. the censorship, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 46: me magisteria delectant a majoribus instituta (sc. conviviorum), the custom of having a master or president at feasts, id. Sen. 14, 46:

collegii,

Suet. Dom. 4:

sacerdotii,

id. Calig. 22:

pedestre,

the office of a commander of infantry, Aur. Vict. Caes. 42.— Transf., of dogs: inter se exercent etiam magisteria, the post of leader (in hunting), Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 148.—

In partic., the office of tutor or instructor of youth, tutorship, guardianship (very rare):

jam excessit mi aetas ex magisterio tuo,

I have now outgrown your tutorship, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 44.—

Trop., teaching, instruction, advice:

virtute id factum, et magisterio tuo,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 32:

vana,

Tib. 1, 4, 84:

novum,

method, Cels. 5, 27, 2.

praefectūra, ae ( dat. plur. PRAEFECTVREIS, Inscr. Corp. Lat. 206, 83), f. [id.], the office of a president or overseer, a presidency, superintendence, prefecture.

In gen.:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.; cf. Plaut. Cas. 1, 11 (infra, B. 2. b.): morum, the superintendence of the public morals (a part of the duty of the censor), Suet. Caes. 76:

hanc de se praefecturam servo dare,

Plin. 28, 5, 14, § 56:

equitum Gallorum,

the command of the cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

alarum,

Suet. Aug. 38:

urbis,

Plin. 7, 14, 12, § 62; Suet. Aug. 37; id. Tib. 42; id. Vesp. 1; Dig. 1, 12, 1 (al. Urbi):

praetorio,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 11:

praefectura domūs Siculā non mitior aulā,

Juv. 6, 486.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., the office of commander or governor in the provinces, the government of a country or town (which was conferred by the proconsuls and proprætors), a prefectship, prefecture:

praefecturas sumere,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; cf.:

praefecturam petivit: negavi me cuiquam negotianti dare,

id. ib. 5, 21, 10:

multorum consulum praetorumque praefecturas delatas sic accepit, ut, etc.,

Nep. Att. 6, 4.—

The administration of a province: aliquem ad praefecturam Aegypti provehere, Suet. Aug. 66:

Aegypti,

id. Ner. 47.—Hence,

Transf.

An Italian city governed by Roman authorities (praefecti) and according to their edicts, a prefecture:

praefecturae eae appellabantur in Italiā, in quibus et jus dicebatur et nundinae agebantur, et erat quaedam earum res publica, neque tamen magistratus suos habebant, in quas legibus praefecti mittebantur quotannis qui jus dicerent, etc.,

Fest. p. 233 Müll.; Cic. Sest. 14, 32; id. Pis. 22, 51; id. Phil. 2, 24, 58:

Capua in formam praefecturae redacta,

Vell. 2, 44, 4; cf. Liv. 26, 16; Inscr. Orell. 3699.—

The territory of a prefecture, a district, province, government (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

quin ruri es in praefecturā tuā?... abi rus, abi directus tuam in provinciam,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 11 and 15:

nunc ibo in meam praefecturam, ut jus dicam lardo,

id. Capt. 4, 3, 7:

Aegyptus dividitur in praefecturas oppidorum, quas nomos vocant,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 49:

proximae praefecturae,

Tac. A. 11, 8: praefecturae magis quam imperia, Front. Princ. Hist. med. —

In the agrimensores, the land allotted to a colony, Sicul. Flacc. Condit. Agr. p. 21 Goes.; Front. Limit. p. 43 ib.; Aggen. ap. Front. p. 56 ib.

praetor, ōris, m. [for praeitor, from praeeo].

Prop., a leader, head, chief, president:

regio imperio duo sunto: iique praeeundo, judicando, consulendo, praetores, judices, consules appellantor,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8.—So, in gen., of the chief magistrates in colonies, as in Capua:

cum in ceteris coloniis duoviri appellentur, hi se praetores appellari volebant,

Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93; cf. the context.—Of the Roman consul as chief judge, Liv. 3, 55.—Of the dictator:

praetor maximus,

Liv. 7, 3: aerarii, president of the treasury, an office created by Augustus, Tac. A. 1, 75; id. H. 4, 9.—Of the suffetes in Carthage, Nep. Hann. 7, 4.—Of generals, commanders of foreign nations, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123; id. Inv. 1, 33, 55; Nep. Milt. 4, 4 et saep.—

In partic., a prœtor, a Roman magistrate charged with the administration of justice; the office was first made distinct from the consulship A. U. C. 387. After the first Punic war, A. U. C. 490, there were two, praetor urbanus for Roman citizens, and praetor peregrinus for strangers, Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Mur. 20, 41: praetor primus centuriis cunctis renunciatus, i. e. appointed first, id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Pis. 1, 2; Gai. lnst. 1, 6;

1, 78. The praetor had a tribunal where he sat on the sella curulis, with the judges on subsellia beside him. But he used to decide less important controversies wherever the parties found him: e plano,

Suet. Tib. 33:

in aequo quidem et plano loco,

Cic. Caecin. 17, 50:

Quid vis in jus me ire? tu's praetor mihi,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 66.—

Transf.

For propraetor, a proprœtor, an officer who, after the administration of the prœtorship, was sent as governor to a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 4, 25, § 56 al.—

For proconsul, q. v., Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125.

* * *

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.